Scientists
unearth six million-year old remains in Africa
The
fossilised remains of mankind’s earliest known ancestor,
predating previous discoveries by more than 1.5million years,
have been discovered in Kenya.
Millennium
Man, as the apeman has been named, was unveiled yesterday by
a team of French and Kenyan palaeontologists from the Kenya
Palaeontology Expedition, who have unearthed remains from at
least five males and females.
About
the size of a chimpanzee, Millennium Man shows characteristics
that would not only allow it to walk on the ground, but also
to feel at home in the trees.
An
almost perfectly fossilised left femur shows the creature had
strong back legs, letting it stand erect. But a thick right
humerus bone, from the upper arm, suggests it also had tree-climbing
skills, though probably not enough to swing from limb to limb.
But
it is the teeth and jaw that most clearly link Millennium Man
to modern humans, according to Dr Brigitte Senut, a team member
form the Museum of Natural History in Paris. The apeman has
small canines and full molars, similar to modern man, suggesting
a diet of mainly fruit and vegetables, but also occasional meat-eating.
Although
the age of the remains has not been accurately established,
the strata of earth from which they were recovered has been
dated by independent teams from Britain and America to six million
years.
The
first bones were found in the Tugen hills of the Baringo district,
around 150miles north-east of the capital Nairobi, on Oct 25.
The
finding was not announced in a scientific journal but a press
conference, so it has not been reviewed by peers. But if confirmed,
it could push back the hotly disputed origins of many be around
two million years.
Dr
Martin Pickford, a palaeontologist with the KPE team, said:
“Not only is this find older than any previously known,
it is in a more advanced stage of evolution. It is at least
six million years old, which means it is older than the [previously
oldest] remains found at Aramis in Ethiopia, which were 4.5
million years old.”
The
skeleton of Australopithicus afarensis – known as
Lucy – found in 1974, is believed to have lived around
3.2 million years ago.
Thorough
analysis is needed but, if confirmed, it would add greatly to
evidence for this era in human prehistory, which consists of
a handful of bones and teeth. Dr Mark Collard, of University
College London, said “This is terribly exciting.”
He
said the dating fits predictions of when the common ancestors
of chimpanzees and humans lived, between five million and eight
million years ago, made by comparing ape and human DNA.
Dr
Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum said although there
would be debate over whether Millennium Man lay on the evolutionary
path to humans, chimpanzees, or is an evolutionary dead end,
so few remains had come from this period hat it would be significant
in any event.
Dr
Pickford and Dr Senut said they were confident the team would
unearth more, possibly older remains.
Dr
Pickford said teeth marks were found on one of the femur bones.
He added: “It looks like he was killed or eaten by some
sort of carnivore, probably a cat.”
